Tag: karlstad university

119 The Secrets of Riparian Zones: Water, Seeds, and Biodiversity

Riparian zones—the narrow but biodiverse interfaces of land and water—play a crucial role in both the environment and human society. But what shapes these rich ecotones? In this episode, Jacqueline Hoppenreijs takes us into the fascinating world of riparian vegetation and explores with us how water’s flow—both destructive and constructive—forms plant communities and sustains biodiversity. Jacqueline also highlights the critical role of seed dispersal and the impact of human activities like flow regulation that shape these vital interfaces. What happens when natural water regimes are altered, and how can we help conserve these biodiversity hotspots for future generations? Tune in as we explore the ecology of boreal riparian zones and how landscape features, water flow, and human intervention intersect to influence these habitats. If you want to dive deeper into the Jacqueline’s research you can her thesis, “Rooting for Riparian Vegetation: Processes Underlying Community Composition in Boreal Ecosystems” here: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-101237

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113 – Early life environmental exposures and children’s growth

Early life is an important period for growth and development and therefore, sensitive to environmental exposures, such as chemicals and nutrition. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), ubiquitous in daily exposure, can lead to adverse health effects. Katherine Svensson’s doctoral thesis in Public Health Science investigates 26 EDCs in pregnant women and measured children’s growth up to 7 years, finding higher EDC levels linked to lower birthweight, slower weight gain, and sex-specific impacts on body fat. In our conversation, Katherine explains the significance of her results. Adherence to nutritional guidelines together with better regulation of EDCs can help to promote healthy environments for children’s growth.

Katherine Svensson’s doctoral thesis can be downloaded from DiVA: Early life environmental exposures and children’s growth: A longitudinal study evaluating prenatal exposure for endocrine disrupting chemicals and nutrition in relation to children’s growth up to seven years of age

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112 – Unchaining microservice chains

In modern software development, microservices are crucial. Instead of a monolithic application, where everything is tightly coupled, microservice architecture offers a way to develop, deploy and maintain services independently. This enhances agility, resilience, and scalability, but it also introduces challenges concerning for example resource allocation and performance optimization.

In his doctoral thesis in Computer Science, Michel Gokan Khan addresses such challenges in large scale microservice chains, specifically in cloud native computing. In our conversation, he explains some of the key contributions of his research. Two of them being the PerfSim, a tool designed by Michel that is a performance simulator for cloud native system, and NFV-Inspector, another tool designed by him to be able to profile and analyse microservices specifically in network functions virtualization (NFV) environments. Michel’s research is also able to show how machine learning can be used for optimizing microservice chains in cloud environments. By contributions such as these and more, Michel’s research helps to reveal the true potential of artificial intelligence in profiling, modelling, simulating, and most importantly optimizing the performance and cost of running microservice chains.

Michel Gokan Khan’s doctoral thesis can be downloaded from DiVA: Unchaining Microservice Chains: Machine Learning Driven Optimization in Cloud Native Systems

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108 – Unconventional Metaphors in English as a Lingua Franca

Metaphors accompany us in everyday life, although they are mostly elusive. Yet, when used in unconventional ways, such as in the expression “English Philology is just a bubble”, they remind us of their presence. But what aspects distinguish unconventional from conventional metaphors? To answer this question, Sebastian Malinowski conducted a survey in which 160 non-native and native English speakers using English as a lingua franca (a common language) participated. The participants were encouraged to interpret different metaphorical expressions. In our interview, Sebastian describes the characteristics of unconventional metaphors, and he explains why some of the results of his study should encourage non-native English speakers to be more confident in their language skills.

Sebastian Malinowski’s doctoral thesis can be downloaded from DiVA: “English Philology is just a Bubble” : Unconventional Metaphors in English as a Lingua Franca

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104 – Off-gassing in wood pellets

Today, wood pellets are often used as fuel for heat and power generation. However, when stored, fresh wood pellets produced from fresh sawdust can self-heat and emit gasses (off-gassing). Self-heating may lead to fires while off-gassing of toxic gasses such as carbon monoxide is a human health and environmental hazard. Workson Siwale’s research focuses on off-gassing and investigates how wood extractives influence the emission of gasses. Understanding the mechanisms behind off-gassing better, can inform raw material selection and pre-treatment so as to produce pellets with reduced off-gassing abilities. In our conversation, Workson explains the contributions of his research for sustaining product quality, and we learn more about the environmental and health benefits that can come out of improvements in pellets handling.

Workson Siwale’s licentiate thesis can be downloaded from DiVA: Understanding the Influence of Wood Extractives on Off-Gassing during Storage of Wood Pellets

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102 – Students’ art-based exploration of science in a third space

Research shows that due to contextual differences between museums and schools, teachers often find it difficult to adapt their teaching to museum settings. Therefore, there is a need for museums to develop and improve student experiences of school trips to their institutions. Against this backdrop, museum educator and researcher Harald Raaijmakers‘ has developed a museum programme which aims to bridge borders between educational contexts and school disciplines. Harald’s research aims at validating the programme and to analyse students’ aesthetic experiences and imagination in art-based exploration of science issues. In our conversation, Harald explains that elaborated museum-school partnerships can create a third space where science education becomes integrated with society and students’ lived experiences.

Harald Raaijmakers’ licentiate thesis can be downloaded from DiVA: Powerful eyes, imaginative minds: Experiencing contemporary art and science in a third space

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99 – Free and open source software

LibreOffice is an office suite that can be downloaded, used, shared, modified and redistributed freely. It is available for most operating systems, including Mac OS and Windows, and estimated to have 200 million active users worldwide. It is one of the largest and longstanding free and open source software projects.

In his ethnographic study, Reinhard Handler investigates the collaborative practices that forms LibreOffice. With the aim to understand how collaborative practices emerge, are negotiated and ordered in the context of free and open source software, he has followed collaborators at conferences, interviewed them, and participated in their discussions. In our conversation, Reinhard describes and explains the interplay of ethical ideas, technical skills, and governance mechanisms that together form LibreOffice as a software project.

Reinhard Handler’s doctoral thesis can be downloaded from DiVA: Colliberate : The practices of free and open source software

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97 – Privacy and security of digital health technologies

During the early phase of the Corona pandemic public health actors rapidly deployed contact tracing applications for mobile phones. The apps aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19, by aiding manual contact tracing. In Samuel Wairimu’s research in Computer Science he investigates the security and privacy risks of these apps and how patients can be harmed by those risks.

In his licentiate thesis, Samuel has used an experimental approach to assess the risks and combined it with a theoretical approach which goes on to assess what impacts and consequences a state-sponsored cyberattack could have to the healthcare sector, and to patients especially.

In our conversation, Samuel explains the results of his study and he argues that more emphasis needs to be put on information security in the healthcare sector, as it is prone for experiencing cyberattacks and the risks for patients can be severe. 

Samuel Wairimu’s licentiate thesis can be downloaded from DiVA: Privacy and Security Analysis : Assessing Risks and Harm to Patients

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92 – Mot mätstandarder och klassificeringssystem för kolnanorör

Dags att ta en tur till pyttelandet. I detta avsnittet av Forskningspodden träffar vi Mattias Flygare som har skrivit en avhandling om så kallade kolnanorör, pyttesmå strukturer på nanometernivå med stor potential för vetenskaplig forskning och industriella och kommersiella applikationer. Precis som med alla material så växer dessa små rör av kolatomer dock oftast inte fram med en perfekt atomstruktur utan kan vara oregelbundna, vilket påverkar till exempel deras elektriska ledningsförmåga och böjstyrka. Mattias använde ett speciellt mikroskop för sin forskning för att undersöka kolananorörens egenskaper i mer detalj. Hans arbete har bidragit till bättre metoder för att studera kolnanorör och har fört fältet ett steg närmare industristandarder för mätningar av kolnanorör, vilket är viktigt för att rätt sorts rör ska kunna användas till rätt syfte.

Vill ni veta mer så kan läsa hela avhandlingen i vår publikationsdatabas DiVA. Den heter The influence of crystallinity on the properties of carbon nanotubes

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86 – Barn i rörelse

Fysisk aktivitet är bra för barns välmående, men idag är det många barn som rör sig för lite. Det görs många insatser för att ändra på detta, och det är dessa som står i fokus i Johan Högmans forskning i pedagogiskt arbete. I sin doktorsavhandling studerar Johan det som kan kallas alternativa idrottsaktiviteter, det vill säga satsningar som specifikt försöker nå de barn som inte redan är fysiskt aktiva. Med utgångspunkt i barnens berättelser synliggör Johans forskning det som framstår som betydelsefullt ur barnens egna perspektiv. I vårt samtal berättar Johan Högman mer om sina resultat och om vad som behöver ske för att alternativa idrottsaktiviteter ska bli framgångsrika.

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